L'économie azerbaïdjanaise enregistre un boom sans précédent lié à la progression de ses productions d'hydrocarbures, mais aussi par la hausse formidable des cours du baril. Ceci engendre une progression significative du niveau de vie de la population. Cela étant, l'Azerbaïdjan doit affronter de nombreux défis : une inflation forte, une diversification insuffisante d'une économie dépendante du pétrole et du gaz, une redistribution encore modeste des revenus. Parmi les tâches urgentes figure notamment un effort de contrôle de la masse monétaire et de transparence des finances publiques. Le potentiel de développement azéri est indiscutablement très prometteur, l'amélioration de la gestion publique, que les grands organismes internationaux appellent de leurs vœux, devrait accompagner ce dynamisme.
The Azerbaijan economy or how to manage the huge increase of oil revenues? The Azerbaijan economy is among the most dynamic economies in the world. But this is mainly the result of a spectacular increase of the production and export of oil. This means that the sustainability of the present path of growth will depend of the ability of the Azeri authorities to face the challenges generated by a huge injection of oil revenues. Among these challenges, there is the necessity to fight against the inflation due to the huge inflow of dollars in the economy. The government should not use the exchange rate as an instrument to fight against inflation but should create more sophisticated monetary policy instruments. Besides, the development of the financial system should be a priority: the present oil boom has led to a spectacular increase of bank credits when there are still a lot of structural weaknesses in the banking system. Another important challenge is the definition of a national strategy to develop competitive non oil sectors (selection of the most promising sectors, definition of policies to support them, etc.).